ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the effect of berberine on CUMS induced depression animal model and investigated the underlying mechanisms.METHODS We estab-lished CUMS depressant rat model and treated CUMS rats with berberine.Sucrose preference,forced swim test(FST)and tail suspension test(TST)were used to measure behaviors change.We used Q-PCR and western blot to test the levels of cytokines in the hippocampus. RESULTS We found that CUMS rats displayed obvious depressive like behaviors,moreover,berberine treatment prevented depressive behaviors in CUMS rats accompanied with suppression of oxidative stress markers. Further experi-ments showed that berberine treatment up-regulated the expression of Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway and its downstream neuroprotective factors. CONCLUSION Our present results suggested that treatment of berberine significantly ameliorated depressive behaviors in CUMS rats through enhancing of Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathways in hippocampus.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of momordica charantia polysaccharides(MCP)on depressive animal model induced by chronic social defeat stress(CSDS)and explore the underlying mechanisms.METHODS We established CSDS depressant mouse model and treated CSDS mice with MCP.Sucrose preference,forced swim test(FST)and social interaction test(SIT)were used to measure behaviors changes.We used ELISA,Q-PCR and western blot to test the levels of cytokines in the hippocampus. RESULTS The results showed that chronic administration of MCP(100,200 and 400 mg·kg-1)significantly prevented depressive-like behaviors in mice as assessed by social interaction (SIT), tail suspension (TST) and sucrose preference tests (SPT).It was showed that the elevation of proinflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-β)concentra-tions,up-regulation of JNK3,c-Jun,and P-110β protein expressions in the hippocampus of CSDS model. Moreover,reduction activity of PI3K and phosphorylation level of protein kinase B(AKT)was also observed in the hippocampus of CSDS model.All above phenomenon were reversed after MCP intervened.Further-more,the protective effects of MCP on the CSDS mice were partly inhibited by the specific phosphati-dylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)inhibitor, LY294002. CONCLUSION The protective effects of MCP against depressive-like effects in CSDS mice might reduce neuroinflammatory and involve in attenuation of JNK3/PI3K/AKT pathway in the hippocampus.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the findings in radionuclide cisternography in patients with obstructive hydrocephalus following third ventriculostomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Lumbar radionuclide cisternography was performed in 15 patients with obstructive hydro- cephalus before and after third ventriculostomy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The postoperative cisternography identified radiopharmaceutical reflux into the lateral cerebral ventricles with delayed clearance for 24 h, similar to the findings by cisternography of communicating hydrocephalus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The cause of ventricular radiopharmaceutical reflux is not yet understood, possibly in association with the reversal of normal cerebrospinal fluid flow though the fenestration on the third ventrical floor.</p>